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…‘panel’, consequently a third source can be
referred to as ‘between-panel’ variability.
When one has data on a material from several batches, but at only one set of fixed
conditions, one cannot estimate batch and panel variabilities separately. Whenever data are obtained
from a new batch, that data also comes from a different panel. (In statistical…
https://www.wichita.edu/industry_and_defense/NIAR/Documents/CMC-ALL-compressed.pdf