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and academic performance (Clark & Cundiff, 2011; Permzadian & Crede, 2016). Some
studies have identified large positive effects on GPA and retention (e.g., Blackett, 2008;
Swanson et al., 2017; Woolfork-Barnes, 2017), while others have reported very small effects or even
negative effects of FYS on students’ GPA and retention rate (e.g., Cavote &…
https://www.wichita.edu/services/studentsuccess/first_year_seminar/FYSsuccess.pdf