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… thoroughly studied
While x-ray computed tomography (XCT) can capture surface texture and subsurface volumetric defects, it is costly
to use and the resolution may not be adequate
Depending on the measurement technique employed, the calculated values of standard surface parameters may vary
Lee, Shao, Wells, Zetek, Kepka, Shamsaei, Journal of Materials…
https://www.wichita.edu/industry_and_defense/NIAR/Documents/FAA_JAMS_Surface-Integrity_20240513.pdf